![]() The next part will be more detailed and delve deeper into the workings and thought processes that make string theory so popular. The aim of this paper was to provide a brief insight into string theory as well as its origin and to give the reader some idea about this aspect of theoretical physics. ![]() ![]() Now, instead of considering them as particles, we just treat them as 1-dimensional strings as mentioned earlier. ![]() This plastic would further be composed of various elementary particles such as the electrons mentioned above. It could consist of a material such as plastic. Here’s an example of how string theory works-Ĭonsider a macroscopic object such as a picture frame. This helped to provide a better mathematical structure to the theory, leading to the “Second Superstring Revolution.” Shortly after, Joseph Polchinski discovered D-branes, certain membranes which could account for 9 spatial dimensions on their own. He also proposed dualities3 such as the S-Duality and T-Duality to draw equivalences between the different theories. Edward Witten proposed that all 5 theories were subsets of a single theory, but to unify all these theories, the world would have to consist of 11 dimensions instead of 10. Thus, string theory became superstring theory, and this was known as the “First Superstring Revolution.”Ĥ) 1995- Due to the first superstring theory, there were now 5 consistent theories. They made the Green- Schwarz term which resolved these anomalies but required 10 dimensions. However, physicists John Schwarz and Andre Neveu reformed string theory. His efforts were considered to be the foundation of string theory.Ģ) 1970- Physicists Yoichiro Nambu, Holger Nielsen, and Leonard Susskind independently came to the same conclusion that Euler’s Function made sense if the particles were strings rather than points.įor the next few years until 1973, dual resonance models were a popular area of study to explain strong nuclear force until quantum chromodynamics (QCD) came along.ģ) 1984- Gabriele’s string theory was only applicable for strong nuclear force interaction and as a result, it suffered from quantum anomalies. He discovered that Euler’s Beta Function played an essential role in his theory. Broadly, the history of string theory can be divided into 4 major eras:ġ) 1968- Gabriele Veneziano was developing a theory for the strong nuclear force at CERN. While reading about the history of string theory, whatever happened in between the landmark years can be considered just as important as the major breakthroughs themselves. However, the beliefs and motives have always remained the same and that serves as the continuity of belief some physicists have in string theory. The history of string theory developed erratically, occasionally picking up the pace before slowing down again and eventually making progress again. It is considered one of the “Theory of Everything” candidates, a unified theory that encompasses all four fundamental forces of nature- Gravity, Electromagnetic, Strong Nuclear, and Weak Nuclear forces. But this does not mean they are always moving in such a way that we can identify these wave patterns and therefore string lengths.String theory is a theoretical framework in which point-like particles of physics are replaced by one-dimensional objects called strings. Think of atoms we are taught about with electrons. So if there is a particle, there is energy, and it is constant. But in my belief and education, matter is always in a constant state of energy. Foe the big bang theory, I would say that each has their own beginning and end to how each 'string' has interacted or influenced one another. I guess it depends on what specific situation you are reffering to when you ask if they have a definite length. So these strings you are wondering about can be thought of as multiple different particles with their own wavelength, differentiated and therefore identifies by the amplitude, frequency, etc. Although there are multiple answers and ways to look about this, similar to what has been previously commented, the type of vibration (or wavelength), each differentiated by amplitude, frequency, etc, is what primarily determines what particle we are observing.
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